Seven years of excavations at Helwan in Egypt

The author reflects on seven years of archaeological investigation at the Early Dynastic necropolis at Helwan, where the team continued the previous work by Zaki Y. Saad conducted in the 1940s and 1950s. The chronology of the site, evidence for the history of Proto-Dynastic Egypt, results on the chronology and nature of the material culture found at the site and the implications for the social structure of the cemetery's occupants are presented.