Development of a point-of-care diagnostic prototype system for kidney health monitoring

Early-stage diagnosis of a disease is significantly essential for a healthier lifestyle. Creatinine is a biological metabolic waste that constantly gets diffused in the human blood. It is excreted by the kidneys to reduce levels of blood toxicity, thus maintaining homeostasis. Kidney function can be qualitatively and quantitatively monitored by checking levels of creatinine in serum samples. Therefore, kidney disease patients are prescribed for frequent testing of their serum creatinine levels. Currently, serum creatinine levels testing can be done only at pathological laboratories. It is time-consuming, expensive, requires a pathologist for venepuncture, sample analysis and creatinine concentration data analysis. For understanding the results, a patient requires to visit a general practitioner/nephrologist/oncologist. Therefore, fast-acting, portable, cost and time-effective Point-of-Care (PoC) devices are in demand. In this work, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based creatinine specific, precise, easily operable, accurate, portable, patient-friendly, internet connectable, rechargeable, reusable, cost and time effective PoC diagnostic device prototype for the measurement of creatinine levels from serum, is developed in a stepwise manner.