Hannibal: imagining the enemy in the Roman Republic

What we understand as 'gender' and 'sexuality' were interrelated concepts, nested within the patchwork of moral and immoral behaviours defined within the value system of the Roman elite. Roman authors perpetuated this discourse in a moralising fashion, using illustrious and notorious Romans as behavioural exemplars; but what of foreign enemies? How did Roman 'gender' values affect their representation by Latin writers such as Cicero and Livy? Hannibal is known to us predominantly through reports of his clashes with Rome. This thesis examines the representations of Hannibal by Cicero, Livy, and some of their sources, arguing for, inter alia, a 'gendered' representation.